Follow all label instructions. ; Lin, Y.-C.; Dupont, C.L. 1991). The morphology of silica was investigated using scanning electron microscopy followed by image analysis and supervised learning. Phycologia 17(3): 263-292. Native Range: Unclear. ; Koob, M.D. ; Carrera, W.; Moodie, M.; Algire, M.A. Morphological observations on two species of the diatom genus Thalassiosira from fresh-water habitats in Ohio. Mitochondria, for example, are responsible for harvesting sugar to create energy for the cell. (in Spanish). The authors declare no conflict of interest. Here, we applied the same approach to copy the mitochondrial genome of a related alga. Marine Ecology Progress Series 289: 151-163. Comparison of biosilica morphology. Strategies for cloning and manipulating natural and synthetic chromosomes. Realized: Thalassiosira pseudonana was found to be useful for mariculture because it has a high fatty-acid composition (Volkman et al. 2006, Mallin et al. Jackson, and B.L. Exploring Si Uptake Mechanism in Thalassiosira pseudonana through CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing. Regulations (pertaining to the Great Lakes region) There are no known regulations for this species. Glasgow Jr. 1995. Chemical There are no known chemical control methods for this species. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 128(3): 219-240. ; Li, D.W.; Yang, W.D. Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. 1981. Designer diatom episomes delivered by bacterial conjugation. Complex repeat structures and novel features in the mitochondrial genomes of the diatoms, Oudot-Le Secq, M.P. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal, © 1996-2020 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Gupta, M.; Hoo, B. In 1958, Guillard isolated three diatom clones from an estuarine habitat (3-H), slope water (7-15), and open ocean (13-1). ; Yohn, C.B. ; Leynaert, A.; Quéguiner, B. Physical There are no known physical control methods for this species. ; Hamadache, S.; Davis, J.G. ; Martinez, D.; Putnam, N.H.; Zhou, S.; Allen, A.E. Journal of Phycology 42(1): 21-35. 1976. 2008. Durbin. Karas, B.J. Journal of Great Lakes Research 19(1): 1-54. Noskov, V.N. Response of two zooplankton grazers to an ichthyotoxic estuarine dinoflagellate. 2011-09-25 07:09:59 Bengt Karlson - Added media: Thalassiosira rotula_2.gif Nordic Microalgae is developed and operated by the Swedish Meterological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) with funding from the Swedish LifeWatch project . 1976. 1989). Selenium deficiency was characterized by a reduction in growth rate and eventually by a … ; Stam, J.; Ramon, A.; Manary, M.J.; Winzeler, E.A. Cloning whole bacterial genomes in yeast. Rogers, and C.D. Table 1. ; Diner, R.E. Journal of Phycology 10: 385-391. ; Rao, S.; Prestidge, C.A. Avalos, J.L. ; methodology, R.R.C., S.L.B., A.S., D.J.G., S.H., G.B.G., D.R.E., and B.J.K. ; Noddings, C.M. ; Sathishkumar, R.; Li, H.Y. ; et al. ; Koob, M.D. ; MacLeod, M.R. Ecology of freshwater diatoms from the central region of Portugal. Bigger, B.W. Hasle and Heimdal grown in artificial seawater medium. The frustules are relatively lightly silicified. ; Mayfield, S.P. Limnology and Oceanography 50(4): 1181-1192. Lange, C., R.M. This genera comprise the largest of the centric diatoms with more than 100 species described. Limnology and Oceanography 37(1):25-40. ; Koob, M.D. Diatoms are unicellular, eukaryotic, phytoplankton that display a unique evolutionary history and provide major ecological contributions in marine environments. ; Suzuki, Y.; Andrews-Pfannkoch, C.; et al. ; Grimwood, J.; Shapiro, H.; Armbrust, E.V. ; software, D.J.G. During colony formation, Thalassiosira release chitin filaments through strutted processes known as fultoportulae. Observations on centric diatoms of the River Ebro, Spain: phytoplankton, with special interest on some small Cyclotella. Karas, B.J. 2001. ; Deerinck, T.J.; Jablanovic, J.; et al. ; Ghaemi, S.R. Notes on some small Thalassiosira species (Bacillariophyceae) from the plankton of the lower Thames and other British estuaries identified by transmission electron microscopy. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. Rapid evolution of a sexual reproduction gene in centric diatoms of the genus Thalassiosira. European Journal of Phycology 30: 117-131. This diatom can occur singly or in chains up to 6 cells long. Towards this goal, we have previously developed a method for cloning and manipulating, It has been observed previously that cloning low G+C-content DNA into bacteria can be problematic. Chesapeake Science 17(3):1 48-158. ; Fink, G.R. Meave del Castillo. 143-152 in D. B. Baker, W.B. 1983, Lowe and Busch 1975, Muylaert and Sabbe 1996, Sabater and Klee 1990). Pair-wise comparisons were made using a Student’s, Sequences obtained for the pTP-PCR plasmids were aligned to reference sequences (. The phylogeny and evolutionary ecology of Thalassiosira pseudonana. Bot. Pérez-Cabero, M.; Puchol, V.; Beltrán, D.; Amorós, P. Delalat, B.; Sheppard, V.C. ; Venter, J.C.; Merryman, C. Chemical synthesis of the mouse mitochondrial genome. * HUCs are not listed for areas where the observation(s) cannot be approximated to a HUC (e.g. Great Lakes region nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state/province, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations†. The silica morphology is affected both by temperature and Si abundance. There is little or no evidence to support that Thalassiosira pseudonana beneficial effect in the Great Lakes. In T. pseudonana, distinct silica morphologies were observed during formation of different cell wall substructures, and three different scales of structural organization were identified. Thalassiosira pseudonana is also used as a model organism for silica biomineralization because its entire gene sequenced has been published. 1997. Thompson, P.A., P.J. ; writing—original draft preparation, R.R.C. 1989. These clones were considered for years to be different forms of, Ake-Castillo, J.A., D.U. Production and dissolution of biogenic silica in the ocean: Revised global estimates, comparison with regional data and relationship to biogenic sedimentation. Thalassiosira fluviatilis Hust. The list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of Thalassiosira pseudonana are found here. Biotechnology and Bioengineering XVIII: 1125-1144. Thalassiosira pseudonana is considered widespread. ; et al. 1986. 1982. ; writing—review and editing, R.R.C., S.L.B., A.S., D.J.G., S.H., G.B.G., D.R.E., and B.J.K. (For information on the genome project click here.) The identity of Thalassiosira pseudonana The combination of a relatively nondescript morphology and a series of three name changes over the years [26-29] has led to some uncertainty about the identity of T. pseu-donana (Additional file 3). ; Janakirama, P.; Edgell, D.R. You seem to have javascript disabled. Hegseth, E.N., and E. Sakshaug. Kalpana Manandhar-Shrestha, Mark Hildebrand, Characterization and manipulation of a DGAT2 from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana : Improved TAG accumulation without detriment to growth, and implications for chloroplast TAG accumulation, Algal Research, … Mallin, M.A., J.M. Re-examination and assessment of the morphological traits of the diatom genus Thalassiosira Cleve, a case study of Thalassiosira allenii Takano: Guo Ya-Qiong, Wu Gui-Yi, Li Yang: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China A combined phylogenetic analysis of two chloroplast (psbC and rbcL) and two nuclear (SSU and partial LSU rDNA) genes strongly and unambiguously resolved the phylogenetic position of T. pseudonana as sister to a clade of marine and freshwater species in the genus Cyclotella (Figure 1).This clade includes C. … ; Wang, J.; Tholl, S.Q. 1981. Effect of CO2 supply and demand on zinc uptake and growth limitation in a coastal diatom. This work expands our understanding of potential hurdles that can be encountered when cloning and propagating synthetic organelle genomes in host organisms. NOAA | DOC. In general, the rate of reproduction increases with increasing temperature. (1989) Freshwater and brackish water Thalassiosira (Bacillariophyceae): taxa with tangentially undulated valves. Trentacoste, E.M.; Shrestha, R.P. ; Karas, B.J. Planktonic centric diatoms from the Sandusky River, Ohio, USA. 2006. 1983, Lowe and Busch 1975, Muylaert and Sabbe 1996, Price et al. Negri, and H.R. Karas, B.J. de Almeida, S.F.P., and M.C.P. US Government Printing Office:Washington, D.C. 475 pp. Thalassiosira pseudonana, like many diatom species, is capable of sexual reproduction. 1993. ; Brunson, J.K.; Valas, R.E. Brand, L.E., L.S. (1962) The morphology of Thalassiosira fluviatilis from the polluted inner Oslofjord Nytt Mag. GLERL 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108-9719 (734) 741-2235 The genome of the diatom, Oudot-Le Secq, M.P. ; Río Bártulos, C.; Bischoff, A.; Lepetit, B.; Gruber, A.; Kroth, P.G. ; Noskov, V.N. Coastal diatom-environment relationships from the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. British Phycological Journal 12(3): 291-296. 1977. Miao, A.J., and W.X. It is capable of quickly adapting to changes in irradiance by adjusting cell volume (Thompson et al. Marine Biology (Berlin) 62(2-3): 103-110. ; Szyjka, S.J. Diatoms are capable of photosynthesis, having acquired plastids through secondary endosymbiosis of primary endosymbionts, including plants and, green algae, red algae, and glaucophytes. As the G+C-content decreases, the probability of any sequence producing a spontaneous promoter or origin of replication becomes more likely, which can result in plasmid toxicity and instability [, Although we can confirm that most of the mitochondrial genes on the pTP-PCR C2.1 and pPT-PCR C2.1 plasmids are expressed in, Now that two algal mitochondrial genomes have been cloned in host strains, we have a better understanding of potential hurdles that can be encountered when applying this method to other species. Different species of Thalassiosira can be identified by the morphological characteristics of their areolae and the processes on the valve. ; et al. Acta Botanica Hungarica 30, 277-287. These can often be mistaken for Areola. Mills, E.L., J.H. ; Molparia, B.; Jablanovic, J.; Hermann, W.J. The morphology of T. pseudonana is similiar to that of marine specimens and has some affinities to the genus Cyclotella. It has a dormant stage that is most likely a physiological resting cell (Armbrust et al. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement 112: 113-122. Sunda, W.G., and S.A. Huntsman. Control Biological There are no known biological control methods for this species. Efficient cloning and engineering of entire mitochondrial genomes in. ; visualization, R.R.C., S.L.B., A.S., D.J.G., S.H., G.B.G., D.R.E., and B.J.K. At all levels, structure formation correlated with optimal design properties for the final product. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Role of Polysaccharides in DiatomThalassiosira pseudonana and its Associated Bacteria in Hydrocarbon Presence1[OPEN] Manoj Kamalanathan,a,2 Meng-Hsuen Chiu,b Hernando Bacosa,a Kathy Schwehr,c Shih-Ming Tsai,b Shawn Doyle,d Alexandra Yard,c Savannah Mapes,a Carlos Vasequez,b Laura Bretherton,e Jason B. Sylvan,d Peter Santschi,c Wei-Chun Chin,b and Antonietta Quigga,d,3 Goldman, J.C., and J.H. Diatoms with completed genome sequences are Thalassiosira pseudonana (Armbrust et al., 2004), Thalassiosira oceanica (Lommer et al., 2012), and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bowler et al., 2008). These diatoms are common in brackish, nearshore, and open-ocean habitats, with approximately the same number of freshwater and marine species. There is little or no evidence to support that Thalassiosira pseudonana has significant environmental impacts in the Great Lakes. ; Suzuki, Y.; Weyman, P.D. ; DeMaster, D.J. ; formal analysis, S.L.B. Entire maize chloroplast genome is stably maintained in a yeast artificial chromosome. Medlin, J.Lewis, and K.J. The results draw an overall picture of the changes in Thalassiosira pseudonanaat individual cell and population levels due to differences in temperature and silicon availability. In previous work, we demonstrated a method to make copies of an alga mitochondrial genome using yeast and bacteria. 1973, Maestrini et al. T.pseudonana grew exponentially until day 4 under Control conditions with a growth rate of 1.06 (±0.14) d −1, followed by stationary growth until the end of the experiment (day 7; Fig. 9:151-154 Hasle, G.R. ; Bowler, C.; Green, B.R. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Xiamen Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban) 45(4): 553-557. 1996. Armbrust, E.V., and H.M. Galindo. Yoon, Y.G. Nichols, G.I. Having evolved 91.5 million years ago during the Upper Turonian period , analyses of th… With a PCR-based approach, we cloned the mitochondrial genome of. Hasle, G.R. Received: 26 September 2020 / Revised: 20 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 / Published: 26 October 2020, (This article belongs to the Special Issue. Rasala, B.A. Growth response of Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H to illumination temperature and nitrogen source. ; Zamani, M.; Matysiakiewicz, O.; Dan, K.N. Silica biominerialisation in diatoms: the model organism Thalassiosira pseudonana. Langmead, B.; Salzberg, S.L. Belcher, J.H., and E.M.F. ; Janakirama, P.; Edgell, D.R. First, the mitochondrial genomes will need to be engineered with mitochondria-specific selectable markers. O’Neill, B.M. Feedback interactions between zinc and phytoplankton in seawater. ; Noskov, V.N. 1995, Hasle 1976, Lange et al. Hu, Z.; Fan, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Chen, J.; Li, J. Thalassiosiraceae are a centric diatom full of fultoportula. ; Jazey, T.; Lee, K.; Klassen, Z.; Desgagné-Penix, I.; Karas, B.J. Beyond pUC: Vectors for cloning unstable DNA. Harris, A.S.D., L.K. Burkholder, M.L. ; Gutierrez, N.M.; Cunningham, J.L. Journal of Phycology 23: 1-9. Harrison, and J.S. We have grown the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana in batch culture at three temperatures (14 o, 18 o, and 23 ° C). ; Denisova, E.A. The diatom genus Thalassiosira (Bacillariophyta) in the estuaries of the Schelde (Belgium/The Netherlands) and the Elbe (Germany). International Reference Group on Great Lakes Pollution from Land Use Activities. Parslow. Harrison. ; Hutchison III, C.A. Kinetics of silicon-limited growth in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle and Heimdal (Cyclotella nana Hustedt). Belshaw, N.; Grouneva, I.; Aram, L.; Gal, A.; Hopes, A.; Mock, T. Efficient CRISPR/Cas-mediated homologous recombination in the model diatom, Görlich, S.; Pawolski, D.; Zlotnikov, I.; Kröger, N. Control of biosilica morphology and mechanical performance by the conserved diatom gene, Schober, A.F. Fulfilling iron requirements of a coastal diatom under different temperatures and irradiances. 1987, Swift and Taylor 1974, Sunda and Huntsman 1992, 2005). The silica balance in the world ocean: A reestimate. ; Chuang, R.-Y. state centroids or Canadian provinces). Bolger, A.M.; Lohse, M.; Usadel, B. Trimmomatic: A flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. ; project administration, B.J.K. Karas, B.J. Although genome sequences of a few diatoms are available, little is known about the … KISS, K. T., 1984: Occurrence of Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal (Bacillariophyceae) in some rivers of Hungary. Thalassiosira pseudonana (Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa CCAP 1085/12) was grown in synthetic seawater (L1 medium) supplemented with 200 μM of sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3-9H 2 0) (MP Biomedicals, Cat #: 191382, Solon, OH, USA) at 18 °C under cool white fluorescent lights (75 μE m −2 s −1) and a photoperiod of 16 h light: 8 h dark. Guillard, R.R.L., P. Kilharn, and T.A. ; supervision, G.B.G., D.R.E., and B.J.K. Selection by drug resistance proteins located in the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Although non-toxic itself, this species is often associated with relatively polluted regions, places where chemical oxygen demand is elevated and nutrient concentrations are very high, and waters experiencing red tides (de Almeida and Gil 2001, Gao et al. Species of Thalassiosira diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) in the plankton of English rivers. Chen, C.Y., and E.G. Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. One attractive candidate is, We recently demonstrated the cloning of the mitochondrial genome of, Here, we report the successful cloning of, Cloning of mitochondrial genomes was performed using the method as described in Reference [, Each fragment was individually amplified in a 50 μL PCR reaction using 1 μL of PrimeSTAR GXL polymerase (Takara Bio Inc., Cat #: R050A, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan), 1 μL of template DNA (1–100 ng μL, PCR amplification of mitochondrial fragments was performed using isolated, Each fragment was individually amplified in a 50 μL PCR reaction using 1 μL of PrimeSTAR GXL, 1 μL of template DNA (1–100 ng μL, Yeast spheroplast transformation was performed as previously described in Reference [, To identify positive clones, individual yeast colonies were screened as previously described in Reference [, Strain stocks of pTP-PCR C2.1 or pPT-TAR C1 from the start (G0) and end (G60) of propagation were thawed on ice for 20 min and then diluted 1:5000 with LB media in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes. ; Berges, J.A. Sprouffske, K.; Wagner, A. Growthcurver: An R package for obtaining interpretable metrics from microbial growth curves. ; et al. Gibson, D.G. The results draw an overall picture of the changes in Thalassiosira pseudonanaat individual cell and population levels due to differences in temperature and silicon availability. Sandusky River Basin Symposium, Tiffin, Ohio, USA, May 2-3, 1975. 1974. Pp. We sought to examine the burden of propagating the cloned mitochondrial genomes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic host strains. Thalassiosira pseudonana grows well at pH of 7–8.8, but its growth rates are reduced at higher pH because CO2 becomes limiting (Chen and Durbin 1994). Algae are of industrial interest for their potential to produce and store large quantities of biofuels and nutritional ingredients. The first step in the silicification process in diatoms is the transport of silicic acid from the environment, across the plasma membrane and against a concentration gradient, into the cell. ; Huang, T.; Cochrane, R.R. 1991. A BLAST search of the genomes was carried out using the δ-CA protein sequence from Thalassiosira pseudonana (BAO52718) and Thalassiosira weissflogii (AAV39532), both centric diatoms, and Fragilariopsis cylindrus CCMP1102 (OEU11320), a pennate diatom, as query sequences. ; Lin, Y.-C.; Stam, J.; Yonemoto, I.T. Gil. Prater (eds.) 1995, Raman and Prakash 1989, Weckstrom and Juggins 2006). Itaya, M.; Fujita, K.; Kuroki, A.; Tsuge, K. Bottom-up genome assembly using the. Yoon, Y.G. Note: Check state/provincial and local regulations for the most up-to-date information regarding permits for control methods. ; Liu, J.S. Tesson, B.; Lerch, S.J.L. It is being provided to meet the need for timely best science. Godiska, R.; Patterson, M.; Schoenfeld, T.; Mead, D.A. 1981, McQuoid 2005). Belcher, J.H., and E.M.F. 1981. Biomineralizaton is a growing field that is using diatoms to accelerate silica formation and form macromolecular assemblies that might act as structure-directing templates (Sumper and Brunner 2008). 1976. Kiss, K.T. Bierne, H.; Michel, B. Berland, M. Breret, C. Bechemin, R. Poletti, and A. Rinaldi. ; Meaney, R.S. those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). ; Huber, W. HTSeq-A Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data. The valve face is often striated radially and hexagonal to polygonal areolae are often apparent in the central region (Belcher and Swale 1977, 1986, Harris et al. Thalassiosira pseudonana has 34 megabase pairs which encode approximately 11,400 proteins also 129,00 base pair plastid and 44,000 base pair mitochondrial genomes. ; resources, G.B.G., D.R.E., and B.J.K. Exotic species in the Great Lakes: a history of biotic crises and anthropogenic introductions. 1999. Our dedicated information section provides allows you to learn more about MDPI. Some species of the genus Thalassiosira Bacillariophyceae of the Argentine Sea 1. ; Leynaert, A.; Quéguiner, B. 1995, Hasle 1976, Lange et al. British Phycological Journal 17(2): 233. ; Smith, H.O. Two species of Thalassiosira, a normally marine or brackish-water genus, have appeared in relatively large numbers from fresh-water habitats in northwest Ohio. Valves are round, flat, with short mantles. Iheringia Serie Botanica 31: 9-30. Estuaries 20(2): 416-429. Meeter. Growth and Photophysiology. Influence of salinity on seasonal germination of resting stages and composition of microplankton on the Swedish west coast. Benders, G.A. Kline. Thalassiosira pseudonana: Taxonomy navigation › Thalassiosira. Jones. Cell Structure and Metabolism. KISS, K. T., l986: Species of the Thalassiosiraceae in the Budapest section of the Danube. Hernandez-Becerril, and M.E. 1992. Genetic variability and differentiation in the temperature niche component of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; Jablanovic, J.; Sun, L.; Ma, L.; Goldgof, G.M. The life cycle of diatoms is shown here: ; Brumwell, S.L. Next, 100 μL of each diluted culture was plated separately onto selective LB agar plates supplemented with chloramphenicol (15 μg mL, Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journals are solely 1987). Influence of irradiance on cell volume and carbon quota for ten species of marine phytoplankton. ; Lefebvre, S.C.; McQuaid, J.; Phillips, A.P.R. Jeffery, P.D. A ring of marginal fultoportulae, with small external openings, are present. The family of Thalassiosiraceae have the unique quality of having a flat valve face. Most species are cosmopolitan, or able to exist in a variety of marine environments around the world. Genkal, S.I., and N.Y. Prokina. 1994. Examination of diatom type material Nitzschia delicatissima, Thalassiosira minuscula, and Cyclotella nana. They can be identified by their characteristic sha… To that end, we have previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial genome of microalgae, Recent advancements in DNA sequencing and synthesis resulted in the development of a powerful set of biotechnology tools that can help to address global challenges in food and water sustainability, medicine production, and eco-friendly energies. As new species are being domesticated, rapid nuclear and organelle genome engineering methods need to be developed or optimized. Slattery, S.S.; Diamond, A.; Wang, H.; Therrien, J.A. Nutrients limiting the algal growth potential (AGP) in the Po River plume and an adjacent area, northwest Adriatic Sea: enrichment bioassays with the test algae Nitzschia closterium and Thalassiosira pseudonana. The silica morphology is affected both by temperature and Si abundance. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67(8): 3501-3513. MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The central region of the valve face is often bounded by an irregular siliceous ring and may or may not exhibit central fultoportulae. Most species are cosmopolitan, or able to exist in a variety of marine environments around the world. An expanded plasmid-based genetic toolbox enables, Brumwell, S.L. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 92(3): 287-305. ; Mendez, M.J. An exogenous chloroplast genome for complex sequence manipulation in algae. ; Hildebrand, M. Characterization of a new protein family associated with the silica deposition vesicle membrane enables genetic manipulation of diatom silica. † Populations may not be currently present. To that end, we have previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial genome of microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum can be cloned and engineered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Nelson, D.M. Find support for a specific problem on the support section of our website. ; Bechner, M.; et al. One of the challenges in the emerging field of synthetic biology is engineering organelle genomes. 2005. Thalassiosira pseudonana is a species of marine centric diatoms.It was chosen as the first eukaryotic marine phytoplankton for whole genome sequencing. Thalassiosira species (Bacillariophyceae) from a Scottish sea-loch. Acta Botanica Hungarica 30, 277-287. ; Chao, S.-S.; Pier, M.; Barrera, D.J. Murphy, R.R.L. Garland. and Lange, C.R. Creating synthetic organelle genomes can open the door to a wide range of applications, such as improving crop yields, treating mitochondrial diseases, or manufacturing high-value chemicals in an environmentally sustainable way. ; Lartigue, C.; Gibson, D.G.
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