> 0°C, dry summers, Cw - Warm temperate climate with dry winter, Warm temperate climate with dry winter (Warm average temp. Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba. The botanical term for coriander seeds by which the essential oil is taken out is Coriandum Sativum L. These types of coriander seeds come from the coriander herb, an annual plant that belongs to the parsley family. Second Edition. is shown on the map. Leafy medicinal herbs: botany, chemistry, postharvest technology and uses., CABI. Diederichsen, A., Hammer, K., 2003. The family includes many common vegetables and kitchen herbs such as celery, carrot, fennel, dill, coriander, and parsnip.C. a sighting. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=11, Flora of Pakistan, 2015. Coriander with small, globose fruits (Microcarpum group or subsp. The stems, leaves, roots and seeds are all used in cooking. Food plants of the world: An illustrated guide. Portland, OR, USA: Timber Press. Considering its centuries-long history of cultivation around the world and no current reports of its invasiveness, this species is not likely to become a high-threat species in the near future. Discover thousands of New England plants. World economic plants: A standard reference. Tamil Nadu, India. Coriander seeds include a particular enzyme that is helpful to lower the sugar from the blood. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/. Coriander, also known as cilantro or Chinese parsley, is a widely used spice native to the Mediterranean. If you allow your plant to mature, you can harvest the seeds for next season. In: Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. Germination of coriander occurs at temperatures above 4°C, but is optimal at 17-20°C for genotypes with small fruits and at 22-27°C for genotypes with larger fruits. Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/index.htm, Marianne Jennifer Datiles, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA. The plant contains powerful antioxidants … The coriander plant is a member of the carrot family. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, no. Coriander fruits are commonly used as a spice, being part of a large number of dishes. Considering that the seeds of C. sativum are a global commodity and because it will continue to be cultivated around the world, areas for recommended research in the future include risk assessment and impacts of the species in places where it is known to be weedy, as well as methods of prevention and control. RI. Cambridge, MA: Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria. Note: when native and non-native The crop has since spread throughout the world, and different morphotypes have developed. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, USA. 98. The leaves of the plant are variable in shape, broadly lobed at the base of the plant, and slender and feathery higher on the flowering stems. Britton, N. L., 1918. Considering these factors, but also that the species has not yet been reported to be invasive anywhere in the world, risk of introduction for this species is low to moderate but more research is needed. Plant breeders and the seed trade often refer to two main groups of coriander based on fruit size: var. The species reproduces by seeds, which are themselves a global food and medicinal commodity, and the leaves of the species are also commonly used in cookery; the species has thus been intentionally dispersed by man as a crop plant for centuries. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Flora of China. Per 100 g, air-dried fruits of coriander contain approximately: water 11 g, crude protein 11 g, fatty oil 19 g, carbohydrates 22.9 g (starch 11 g, pentosans 10 g, sugar 1.9 g), crude fibre 28 g, mineral constituents 5 g and essential oil 1.0 g. The essential oil content varies between almost zero and 2%; small-fruited types have the highest content. Flowering is protandrous and starts in the primary umbel, about 50-90 days after sowing. Today it is widely spread across Europe, and a common feature in various European culinary traditions. A geographical atlas of world weeds., John Wiley and Sons.. xlix + 391 pp.. Kress WJ, DeFilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi DYY, 2003. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. Coriander is the term English speakers in the U.K. use to describe the herb ― it comes from the French word for this herb, coriandre.In the U.S., however, fresh coriander is referred to as cilantro. Coriandrum sativum (coriander); flowers. In all South-East Asian countries coriander is grown as a culinary herb and vegetable. Your help is appreciated. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. xlix + 391 pp. As well as the many benefits of the oil, coriander leaves themselves offer a range of amazing health benefits. The genus name Coriandrum derives from the Greek ‘koriannon’, from ‘koris’ meaning ‘a bug’ or ‘bedbug’, referring to the pungent smell from the leaves and unripe fruits (Quattrocchi, 2012). (Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil website)., http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/PrincipalUC/PrincipalUC.do. Exact status definitions can vary from state to Cilantro resembles parsley with its flat, delicately toothed leaves. Tallahassee, Florida: Floridata.com. evidence (herbarium specimen, photograph). Flora of Bermuda., C. Scribner's Sons. In Peru, the species occurs in disturbed areas of the Amazonian and Andean regions (Peru Checklist, 2015). The leaves or the entire young plants are popular as a culinary herb and vegetable, for example, for chutneys or in soups. DAISIE (online). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia), Tropicos website. CRC world dictionary of medicinal and poisonous plants: Common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms, and etymology. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. Latin name: Syzgium aromaticum. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. To enhance the flavor of whole Coriander Seed, toast it in a dry pan to wake up the volatile oil compounds that give coriander its enigmatic flavor profile. Coriandrum sativum (coriander); close-up of seeds. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Go Botany: Native Plant Trust Recent investigations showed that the shape of the fruit is also important, and a third group (Indicum) with ovate fruits has been described. Seed Coriander. Coriander for fruit production is found in tropical highlands, subtropics and temperate regions, while in the lowland tropics it is grown as a green herb. Coriander can refer to both an herb and a spice. San Juan, P.R: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. After stem elongation, coriander is sensitive to low temperatures but resistant to drought. The Go Botany project is supported microcarpum) developed mainly in the Caucasus and Central Asia and includes forms with the highest essential oil content, always containing camphor, myrcene and limonene. The time from sowing to harvesting depends very much on the genotype, and is usually between 90 and 140 days. It was present in France by the 17th century, as the species was used as an ingredient in the famous Parisian liqueur of this time, eau-de-Carnes (Loewenfeld and Back, 1978). http://www.tropicos.org/Project/Pakistan, Forzza RC, Leitman PM, Costa AF, Carvalho Jr AA, Peixoto AL et al, 2010. Inflorescence an indeterminate, compound umbel; peduncle up to 15 cm long; bracts sublinear, 0-2, up to 11 mm long; primary rays 2-8, up to 4.5 cm long; bracteoles 0-6, linear, up to 1 cm long; secondary rays up to 20, up to 5 mm long; usually each umbellet has bisexual peripheral flowers, and the central flowers are sometimes male; calyx in all flowers represented by 5 small lobes; corolla with 5 white or pale pink petals, heart-shaped, very small (1 mm x 1 mm) in male flowers, in bisexual peripheral flowers usually 3 petals are larger: 1 petal develops 2 ovate lobes of about 3 mm x 2 mm and the 2 adjacent petals each develop one lobe; stamens 5, filaments up to 2.5 mm long, white; pistil rudimentary in male flowers, in bisexual flowers with inferior ovary, a conical stylopodium bearing 2 diverging styles up to 2 mm long, each one ending in a minutely papillate stigma. Green plants are dried for preservation and are traded on the world market as well as the fruits. Typically, there is only one type of cilantro plant sold in markets, but rarely one can find another kind of cilantro, called Hmong cilantro. Considering that the species readily naturalises in introduced habitats (Forzza et al., 2010; Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012) as well as its long history of repeated introductions and known weediness, it can be regarded as potentially invasive, but is not currently recorded as an invasive species. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. http://www.ars-grin.gov/, Vascular Plants of Antioquia, 2015. 13: Spices, [ed. It is known to have escaped from cultivation in Puerto Rico, California (USA), and parts of the United Kingdom (Liogier and Martorell, 2000; Randall, 2012). Erect, annual, glabrous, usually profusely branching herb, up to 1.3 m tall with a well-developed taproot. Plant breeders and the seed trade often refer to two main groups of coriander based on fruit size: var. Cropping for its fruits is restricted to higher altitudes. Coriandrum sativum L. In: Guzman CC de, Siemonsma JS, Eds. Seed 1 per mericarp, with testa attached to the fruit wall. 590 pp. vii-xi + 516 pp.. FAO, 2017. Botany of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. Often called the ‘carrot’ or ‘parsley’ family, the Apiaceae family consists of anise-scented, caulescent annual herbs from taproots characterized by flowers borne in rounded, compound umbels, from which the family’s earlier name of Umbelliferae is derived. Randall, R. P., 2012. Therefore, it's best to grow cilantro from seeds rather than transplanting it. In fact, the oil smells exactly like a freshly crushed coriander seed. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. Large-scale production exists in southern Russia, the Ukraine and other East European countries. donations to help keep this site free and up to date for C. sativum is grown as a commercial crop and is also naturalized worldwide (Wiersema and León, 2013). The infraspecific taxa of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)., Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 50(1):33-63, Duke J, 2015. USDA-ARS, 2015. 1124 pp. The essential oil from the fruits is used in the flavour industry, for various basic and luxury foods, to some extent in medicine too, and in cosmetic perfumery. Some gardeners grow the same varieties of Coriandrum sativum for seed harvesting as they would to... Vietnamese Cilantro. Take a photo and Thus, maturation of the umbels of different orders is a successive process, and ripe fruits of the primary umbel may shatter before those of umbels of a higher degree have reached full maturity. Seed-borne bacterial diseases can cause considerable losses, for example, Pseudomonas syringae pv. This spice is a key ingredient in falafel and in a traditional Egyptian appetizer called dukka. (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011). India. The high content of petroselinic acid gives the oil physicochemical properties suitable for special technical purposes. Newton Abbot, UK: David & Charles. Found this plant? Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Native Plant Trust or respective copyright holders. London, UK: H. Colburn and Co. 480 pp. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the Apiaceae family. Randall R P, 2012. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases online resource. Per 1 g fresh leaves about 4 mg of essential oil is present. Coriander is a spice produced from the round, tan-colored seeds of the coriander plant (Coriandrum sativum), which is a member of the parsley family. 1), 22-96. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, Flora of Missouri, 2015. eFloras website. These groups also differ by other characters such as length of vegetation period, plant height, branching, vegetative productivity and leaf characters. About 41 volatile components have been detected in this foliar essential oil, including alkenals in the C9-C16 range, C7-C17 alkanals, C10-C12 primary alkenols, alkanols, and nonane. It is a soft, hairless plant. This process continues after harvest of the fruits and is accelerated by high temperatures combined with dry weather. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. We depend on in 20 years). 104-108. Risk of introduction for this species is low to moderate and warrants further research. Coriander is the name for the leaves and stalks of the plant, while the dried seeds are called coriander seeds. Cilantro, Coriandrum sativum, usually refers to the leaves of the plant, which are used as an herb. However, the term "coriander" is typically used to refer to the fruit. Paraguay Checklist Tropicos website. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: A systematic synopsis. A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. It is warm and nutty, bright and citrusy, both grounded and mellow, and elevated and sweet. Coriander is a plant. Chemotaxonomical investigations support such infraspecific classification. Guide to cultivated plants., CABI. http://tropicos.org/Name/34500581?projectid=13. The species grows quickly and can produce market-ready leaves (sold as cilantro) within a month and market-ready seeds (sold as coriander) after about a month and a half. It is listed as “agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, garden thug, naturalised, sleeper weed, weed” in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012) and is listed as a weed in Israel, Lebanon, Morocco, and Taiwan (Holm et al., 1979). Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantad del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba, 6(Special Issue 1):24-96, Paraguay Checklist, 2015. St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, CABI, Undated. (1790), non L. (1753), Tolerates, or benefits from, cultivation, browsing pressure, mutilation, fire etc, Has propagules that can remain viable for more than one year, Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately. Coriandrum sativum (coriander); leaves, on small potted plants. July 2008. County documented: documented The seeds have been found in Neolithic excavations. Loewenfeld C, Back P, 1978. 480 pp. can be avoided by treating the fruits with a fungicide before sowing. Taproots are also aromatic and are commonly used as a vegetable in China, Thailand and, to a lesser extent, in other South-East Asian countries. http://tropicos.org/Project/CE, Wagner WL, Herbst DR, Lorence DH, 2015. However, that is … Oviedo Prieto R, Herrera Oliver P, Caluff M G, et al, 2012. C. sativum is one of the oldest spices in written history. (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y pontencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011.) Tropicos website St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is a typical species … The term "coriander" is often used to refer a spice made from the dry fruit of the Coriandrum sativum plant. http://www.floridata.com/ref/c/cori_sat.cfm, Forzza RC, Leitman PM, Costa AF, Carvalho Jr AA, Peixoto AL, et al., 2010. It is a common garden plant in Puerto Rico (Liogier and Martorell, 2000). In: Tropicos website, St. Louis, Missouri; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Also covers Coriander originating from the Indian subcontinent (Indicum group or subsp. This describes the vegetative stage of the plant’s life cycle. Treats Different Skin Diseases: This healthy parsley contains antiseptic, antifungal, detoxifying and … The dried seeds are used whole or ground as a spice in European, Asian, Latin, and Indian dishes. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria.
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